DATAMATH CALCULATOR MUSEUM |
Texas Instruments invented the Integrated Circuit (IC) in the year 1958. The first calculators with integrated circuits used DTL (Diode Transistor Logic), RTL (Resistor Transistor Logic) or TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) elements. These ICs are small building blocks with typical 4 logic gates or 2 flip-flops in a 14 to 16 pin plastic housing. To get a working calculator you need more than 50 of them. The Cal-Tech project demonstrated in 1967 a calculator using only 3 LSI circuits (Large Scale Integration) with more than 1,000 transistors per circuit and some additional shift registers. From that starting point the calculator race created every year new integrated circuits with higher complexity following the Law of Moore. Working at another supplier of integrated circuits, the well known company Intel, Moore stated: Every three years the complexity of integrated circuits will double. The law is proved, within 30 years the complexity reached more than a million of transistors per integrated circuit.
In the meantime Texas Instruments stopped the production of integrated circuits for calculators. Most modern TI products use chips from Toshiba. View the calculator chips manufactured by Toshiba here.
It's difficult to get information about the calculator circuits manufactured by Texas Instruments. The following table gives an overview of the known circuits, a brief description and the calculators using them.
This set of 3 Integrated Circuits was streamlined
to the Pocketronic with its thermal printer.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art"
10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Ceramic or
Plastic (DIC/DIP) packages with 40 pins and 28 pins.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1730 | 1970 | Canon Pocketronic (Monroe 10) | ||
TMC1731 | ||||
TMC1732 |
The second chipset supported displays instead
the thermal printer of the Pocketronic. Two different Data Chips are known, the
Arithmetic Chip was later replaced.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal
PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Ceramic or
Plastic (DIC/DIP) cases with 40 pins and 28 pins.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1733 | 1971 | Data Chip | Canon L121 (Monroe 620) | |
TMC1733A | 1971 | Data Chip | Canon L120 (Monroe 610) | |
TMC1734 | 1971 | Data Chip | Canon L160 (Monroe 610) | |
TMC1737 | 1971 | Data Chip | Canon L100 | |
TMC1753 | 1971 | Timing Chip | ||
TMC1754 | 1971 | Entry Chip | ||
TMC1755 | 1971 | Arithmetic Chip (ROM) | ||
TMC1807 | 1971 | Arithmetic Chip (ROM) | Replaced the TMC1755 |
This chipset consists of 6 Integrated Circuits,
one of them was later replaced.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal
PMOS process and using Dual-Inline-Plastic (DIP) cases with 40 pins.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1761 | 1971 | Canon L163 (Monroe 650) | ||
TMC1763 | 1971 | Canon L163, L167P | ||
TMC1764 | 1971 | Display Chip | Canon L163 | |
TMC1765 | 1971 | Canon L163, L167P | ||
TMC1766 | 1971 | Entry Chip | Canon L163, L167P | |
TMC1767 | 1971 | Arithmetic Chip (ROM 1) | Canon L163 | |
TMC1768 | 1971 | Arithmetic Chip (ROM 2) | Canon L163 | |
TMC1793 | 1971 | Arithmetic Chip (ROM 1 new) | Canon L163 | Replaced the TMC1767 |
TMC1812 | 1971 | Canon L167P | ||
TMC1816 | 1971 | Canon L167P |
This set of 3 Integrated Circuits was manufactured for the Smith Corona Marchant Model 1 calculator introduced in October 1970 as a replacement for the chipset provided by American Microsystems, Inc (AMI).
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art"
10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Single-Inline Ceramic (CIP) packages with 40 pins.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1771SC | 1970 | SCM Marchant 1 | Nixie tubes, 8 digits | |
TMC1772SC | ||||
TMC1773SC |
The development of this chipset for Canon was cancelled in favor of the TMS0200 Building
Blocks for Desktop Calculators.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal
PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 40 pins.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1813 | 1971 | ROM Chip | (Canon L121F) | Replaced with TMC0321 ROM Chip |
TMC1814 | 1971 | Data Chip | Replaced with TMS0201 Data Chip |
Compared with the previous chipsets the trend
goes toward single-chip solutions. Both chips contain together 512*13-bit Read-Only
program Memory (ROM), a 19*16-bit Serial-Access Memory (SAM) and support calculators with up to 14 digits display width.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal
PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 40 pins.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1824 | 1971 | Data Chip | Canon L100A, LE-10 | |
TMC1825 | 1971 | ROM Chip |
This large chipset was developed by the engineers of Compucorp and produced by AMI. Later TI qualified as a second source to AMI. The chipset forms one of the first programmable calculators, the Compucorp 324G Scientist.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1864 | 1971 | TCL08 - Display | Compucorp 324G | Replaced by TMC1884 |
TMC1866 | 1971 | TCL06 - Data | Processor board | |
TMC1867 | 1971 | TCL05 - Data | Processor board | |
TMC1868 | 1971 | TCL01 - Printer | Compucorp 325 | Printer driver |
TMC1869 | 1971 | TCL02 - Keyboard | Keyboard-scanning electronic | |
TMC1870 | 1971 | TCL04 - Data | Processor board | |
TMC1871 | 1971 | TCL03 - ROM | Interface to RAM and ROM | |
TMC1872 | 1971 | TCL07 - Data | Processor board | |
TMC1884 | 1971 | TCL08 - Display | Display multiplexer |
This rare chipset was found in October 2010 by
fellow collector Miguel from Argentina in an
Olivetti Logos 270 desktop printing calculator. The keyboard of the calculator sports
unusual [*=] [/=] [Q], [P], [R] keys and [S] and [T] memories.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal
PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 28 pins (TMC1829) and 16 pins (TMC1827,
TMC1828).
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1827 | 1972 | not yet discovered | Olivetti Logos 270 | |
TMC1828 | 1972 | not yet discovered | ||
TMC1829 | 1972 | not yet discovered |
This rare chipset was found recently in an
Olivetti 55 desktop printing calculator from the Logos 50/60 series. The keyboard of the calculator sports
additional [00][000] keys, unusual [*=] [/=] keys and a memory.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal
PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 28 pins (TMC1876) and 16 pins (TMC1828,
TMC1877).
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1828 | 1972 | not yet discovered | Olivetti 55 | |
TMC1876 | 1972 | not yet discovered | ||
TMC1877 | 1972 | not yet discovered |
The first commercial available "calculator-on-a-chip" was an MOS integrated circuit announced
by TI in September 17, 1971. Find the original press release here.
The chip contains 3520-bit Read-Only
program Memory (ROM), a 182-bit Serial-Access Memory (SAM) and a decimal arithmetic logic unit as well as
control, timing, and output
decoders but no drivers for the display. This
results in an overall complexity of
roughly 5,000 transistors. The typical supply voltage of this
chip is ±7.2 V at roughly 15 mA power consumption.
These chips
were originally manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron
1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline
Plastic (DIP) cases with 28 pins. Around July 1973 the first TMS0100 designs
were
ported to an 8-micron process and internally renamed to TMS0700.
It took about a year till
the first copy of the original design appeared. US based company MOSTEK
introduced the MK5020P December, 1972.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS1802 | 1971 | Single-chip, Basic | unknown | Renamed to TMS0102 |
TMS1875 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Heathkit IC-2008 | Renamed to ??? |
TMS0101 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon Palmtronic LE-80, LE-83 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0102 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Columbia II | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits |
TMS0103 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Bowmar 901B | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits |
TMS0105 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon L800 | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits |
TMS0106 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-3500, Canon L100S | [+=],[-=] keys, 10 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0107 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Bowmar 901D | [+=],[-=] keys, 10 digits |
TMS0109 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-3000 | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0110 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-2500 Preseries | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0111 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Minimath prototypes | +,-,= keys, 8 digits, LCD |
TMS0112 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Toshiba BC-0802 | [+=],-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0115 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Panasonic JE-850 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0117 | 1972 | BCD Coprocessor | +,-,*,/,=,INC,DEC, 10 digits | |
TMS0118 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | +,-,= keys, 10 digits | |
TMS0119 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-2500, Heathkit IC-2108 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
The original TMS1802 single-chip calculator circuit was limited to basic calculators with 8 digits or 10 digits calculations. The SR-10 "Slide Rule" calculator is based on the TMS0120 using the TMS0100 in a novel approach to add to the 8-digit Mantissa in scientific notation a 2-digit Exponent and repurposing the unused Segment H for the minus sign of the Exponent.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS0120 | 1972 | Single chip, Sci | SR-10 | +,-,= keys, x2,1/x, sqr(x), 8+2 digits |
One limitation of the 28-pin packages of the TMS01xx was the maximum number of 10 or 8+2 digits for the results. For desktop calculators Texas Instruments developed with the TMS0200 Building Blocks a chipsets with 40-pin packages for the integrated circuits.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS0201 | 1973 | Data Chip, Basic | TI-4000, Canon L121F, L1210 | 12 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0202 | 1973 | Data Chip, Sci | SR-20 | 10+2 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0203 | 1973 | Data Chip, Basic | TI-450, TI-500, TI-620, TEAL 6121D, PM1200 | 12 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0206 | 1973 | Data Chip | Olympia CD401A | 12 digits, VFD |
TMS0207 | 1973 | Data Chip, HEX | SR-22 | 10+2 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0221 | 1974 | Printer Chip, Drum Impact | TI-500, TI-620 | Used together with TMS0203 |
TMC0251 | 1976 | Printer/Display Chip, Thermal Printer | PC-100A, B, C | Dot Matrix |
TMC0253 | 1976 | Printer/Display Chip, 5*7 Display | SR-60(A) | Drives alphanumeric display |
TMC0254 | 1976 | Printer/Display Chip, Thermal Printer | SR-60(A) | Dot Matrix |
TMC0255 | 1978 | Printer/Display Chip, Thermal Printer | TI-5230 | Dot Matrix |
TMS0301 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Basic | TI-4000 | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K |
TMS0302 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Basic | Canon L121F | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K |
TMS0304 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Sci | SR-20 | +,-,= keys, x2,1/x, sqr(x), x!, PI, ex |
TMS0305 | 1974 | ROM Chip, Basic | TI-500 | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, Printer only |
TMS0306 | 1974 | 1st ROM Chip, Basic | TI-620 | Printing only |
TMS0311 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Basic | Teal PM1200 | [+=],[-=] keys |
TMS0318 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Basic | Olympia CD401A | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, % |
TMS0320 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Basic | TEAL 6121D, Elite 1202M (1st) Version | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, EX, K, %, sqr(x) |
TMC0321 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Basic | Canon L1210 | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, sqr(x) |
TMC0322 | 1973 | ROM Chip, Basic | TI-450 | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K |
TMC0323 | 1973 | 1st ROM Chip, HEX | SR-22 | |
TMC0404 | 1973 | 2nd ROM/Register Chip, HEX | SR-22 | |
TMC0406 | 1974 | 2nd ROM/Register Chip | TI-620 | Printing only |
With the TMS0500 Building
Blocks Texas
Instruments created a novel architecture for scalable scientific calculators.
The architecture used minimum a 2-chip design with the Arithmetic chip and the
SCOM (Scanning Read-Only Memory) but was expandable to a maximum of 8 SCOMs,
additional RAM as program memory for programmable calculators, additional RAM
for general purpose registers and even a chip driving a printer borrowed from
the TMS0200 family. Most scientific
and programmable calculators manufactured by Texas Instruments between the years 1974 and
1982 (SR-50..TI-59) are based on these chips.
Abbreviations:
• ARITH Arithmetic
Chip with 5*16
Digits registers, segment scanning and driving
•
SCOM Scanning and
Read Only Memory Chipwith 1k*13 Bits instruction memory and 16*16 Digits constants
• DSCOM SCOM Scip with doubled memory
capacity of 2.5k*13 Bits instruction memory and 16*16 Digits constants
• QSCOM SCOM Chip with fourfold memory
capacity
• BROM Bare Read Only
Memory Chip with 1k*13 Bits instruction memory
• DRAM External Random
Access Memory Chip for user data (memory registers)
•
PRAM External Random
Access Memory Chip for user programs (keycodes) with 1,920 Bits of read/write
memory
• CROM External
Customer
Only Memory Chip for user programs (keycodes)
• PCHIP Printer
Chip
Texas Instruments used the leading designation TMS (Texas MOS Standard) or TMC (Texas MOS Custom) for most chips. The following table uses only the (more common) TMC designations.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC0501 | 1974 | ARITH | SR-50(A), SR-51(A), SR-51-II, SR-52, SR-56, SR-60, TI-5230 | 10+2 digits |
TMC0501E | 1979 | Enhanced ARITH | SR-60A, TI-58, TI-58C ,TI-59 | 10+2 digits |
TMC0521 | 1974 | SCOM 1 | SR-50, SR-50A | Basic system: TMC0501 + TMC0521 |
TMC0522 | 1974 | SCOM 1 | SR-51, SR-51A | Adds statistical functions (ROM) and conversion constants |
TMC0523 | 1974 | SCOM 2 | SR-51, SR-51A | |
TMC0524 | 1975 | SCOM 1 | SR-52 | |
TMC0526 | 1976 | SCOM 1 | SR-60 | |
TMC0531 | 1976 | SCOM 1 | SR-50A | Additional internal clock generator, not used |
TMC0532 | 1976 | SCOM 1 | SR-51A | Additional internal clock generator, not used |
TMC0533 | 1976 | SCOM 2 | SR-51A | |
TMC0534 | 1976 | SCOM 1 | SR-52A | Additional internal clock generator |
TMC0536 | 1976 | SCOM 1 | SR-60 | Additional internal clock generator, not used |
TMC0537 | 1976 | SCOM 1 | SR-56 | Adds statistical functions (ROM) and programmability |
TMC0538 | 1976 | SCOM 2 | SR-56 | |
TMC0561 | 1975 | BROM 3 | PC-100, PC-100A | Expansion for SR-52 and SR-51 |
TMC0562 | 1975 | BROM 2 | SR-52 | 2 chips piggy back in SR-52 |
TMC0563 | 1975 | BROM 4 | SR-52 | 2 chips piggy back in SR-52 |
TMC0564 | 1975 | BROM 2 | SR-60 | |
TMC0565 | 1975 | BROM 3 | SR-60 | |
TMC0566 | 1975 | BROM 4 | SR-60 | |
TMC0567 | 1975 | BROM 5 | SR-60 | |
TMC0568 | 1975 | BROM 6 | SR-60 | |
TMC0569 | 1975 | BROM 3 | PC-100A | Expansion for SR-52 |
TMC0570 | 1975 | BROM 6 | SR-60 | Replaces TMC0568 for upgraded SR-60 |
TMC0571 | 1977 | BROM 6 | TI-58, TI-59 | see TMC0582 |
TMC0572 | 1978 | BROM 6 | TI-5230 | see TMC0587 |
TMC0573 | 1979 | BROM 6 | TI-58C | see TMC0580 |
TMC0580 /CD2400 |
1979 | DSCOM 1 | TI-58C | Instead of TMC0582 on TI-58/59 |
TMC0580 /CD2401 |
1979 | DSCOM 2 | TI-58C | Instead of TMC0583 on TI-58/59 |
TMC0581 | 1976 | DSCOM | SR-51-II | combines TMC0522 + TMC0523 |
TMC0582 | 1977 | DSCOM 1 | TI-58, TI-59, SR-60(A) | 2 DSCOM + BROM adds to 6k*13 Bits instruction memory for the TI-59 |
TMC0583 | 1977 | DSCOM 2 | TI-58, TI-59, SR-60(A) | |
TMC0584 | 1977 | DSCOM 1 | SR-60A, SR-60 Replacement PCB | Enhanced instructions of SR-60(A) |
TMC0585 | 1977 | DSCOM 2 | SR-60A, SR-60 Replacement PCB | Enhanced instructions of SR-60(A) |
TMC0586 | 1977 | DSCOM 3 | SR-60A, SR-60 Replacement PCB | Enhanced instructions of SR-60(A) |
TMC0587 | 1978 | DSCOM 1 | TI-5230 | 2 DSCOM + BROM adds to 6k*13 Bits instruction memory for the TI-5230 |
TMC0588 | 1978 | DSCOM 2 | TI-5230 | |
TMC0591 | 1979 | COUNTINOUS MEMORY I/O | TI-58C | Interface to CMOS SRAM (Static RAM) |
TMC0594 | 1977 | MAGNETIC I/O | TI-59 | |
TMC0595 | 1975 | MAGNETIC I/O | SR-52 | adds programmability to TMC0524 |
TMC0596 | 1976 | MAGNETIC I/O | SR-60, SR-60A | |
TMC0598 | 1977 | PRAM | TI-58 (2), TI-59 (4), TI-5230 (7) | 240*8 Bits RAM (240 program steps or 30 data registers) each |
TMC0599 | 1975 | PRAM | SR-52 (2), SR-56 (1), SR-60A (13) | 240*8 Bits RAM (240 program steps or 30 data registers) each |
The TI-58/59 architecture introduced the Solid State Software Modules™ with up to 5000 program steps. On the backside of the TI-58/59 you'll note a small lid with a place for the 8-pin module, view it here.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC0540 | 1977 | PROM -Customer- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | List of all known ROM-Codes here |
TMC0541 | 1977 | PROM -1- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Master Library |
TMC0542 | 1977 | PROM -2- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Applied Statistics |
TMC0543 | 1977 | PROM -3- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Real Estate Investment |
TMC0544 | 1977 | PROM -4- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Surveying |
TMC0545 | 1977 | PROM -5- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Marine Navigation |
TMC0546 | 1977 | PROM -6- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Aviation |
TMC0547 | 1977 | PROM -7- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Leisure Library |
TMC0548 | 1977 | PROM -8- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Securities Analysis |
TMC0549 | 1977 | PROM -9- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Business Decisions |
TMC0550 | 1977 | PROM -10- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Math Utilities |
TMC0551 | 1977 | PROM -11- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Electrical Engineering |
TMC0553 | 1977 | PROM -SE- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Structural Engineering |
TMC0554 | 1977 | PROM -12- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | Agriculture |
TMC0555 | 1977 | PROM -13- | TI-58(C), TI-59 | RPN Simulator |
Enabled by a combination of smaller transistors due to a process shrink in the manufacturing process of Integrated Circuits and a higher yield in production, Texas Instruments launched with the TMS0600, TMS0700 and TMS0800 single-chip calculator circuits about two years after the introduction of the original TMS0100 family a three-tier approach: The TMS0600 increasing Read-Only program Memory (ROM) for additional functionality while keeping the need for external segment- and digit-drivers, the TMS0700 keeping the specifications of the TMS0100 for a cost-reduction of the chips and the TMS0800 reducing the calculating capabilities but integrating both a clock driver and segment drivers to simplify the electronics of the calculators and consequently reducing their manufacturing costs.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS0601 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-2550 | +,-,= keys, Memory, 8 digits |
TMS0602 | 1973 | Single-chip, Sci | SR-11 | +,-,= keys, x2, 1/x, sqr(x), pi |
TMS0604 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Dittel TMP 608 | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, % |
TMC0605 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon LE-81M | +,-,= keys, ±%, sqr(x), 8 digits |
The TMS0100 family of single-chip calculator circuits went through multiple design changes and was around July 1973 internally renamed to TMS0700 but still marked on the outside of the package with TMS01XX. Only the chips (and usually the bottom of the chip package) carry the TMS07XX designation and we have difficulties to define the exact cut-off date of the "original" TMS0100 chips. We are not sure which TMS0100 chips were ported to a smaller manufacturing process and include most TMS0100 members in the TMS0700 overview.
Some calculators, e.g. the Exactra 20, used only digit drivers, the segment outputs of the chip were connected directly to the display.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS0101 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon Palmtronic LE-80, LE-83 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0102 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Columbia II | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits |
TMS0103 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Bowmar 901B | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits |
TMS0105 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon L800 | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits |
TMS0106 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-3500, Canon L100S, Radio Shack EC-2000 | [+=],[-=] keys, 10 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0107 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Bowmar 901D | [+=],[-=] keys, 10 digits |
TMS0109 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-3000 | [+=],[-=] keys, 8 digits, Panaplex |
TMS0112 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Toshiba BC-0802 | [+=],-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0115 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | Panasonic JE-850 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0117 | 1972 | BCD Coprocessor | +,-,*,:,=, INC, DEC, 10 digits | |
TMS0118 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | +,-,= keys, 10 digits | |
TMS0119 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-2500, Heathkit IC-2108 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0120 | 1972 | Single chip, Sci | SR-10 | +,-,= keys, x2, 1/x, sqr(x), 8+2 digits |
TMS0121 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Olympia CD101 | +,-,= keys, 10 digits |
TMS0122 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Olympia CD80, Panasonic JE-850 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
TMS0123 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | [+=],[-=] keys, x2, sqr(x), 10 digits | |
TMS0125 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon LE-100 | +,-,= keys, 10 digits |
TMS0126 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon LE-80R, Casio ROOT-8S, Commodore 3101, Kings Point EC-8413, Privileg 820 | [+=],[-=] keys, x2, sqr(x), 8 digits |
TMS0127 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Bowmar MX-80, Canon L1000 | [+=],[-=] keys, %, 10 digits |
TMS0128 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon LE-82, JCE Percent, Montgomery Ward P8P, Western Auto M4995 | [+=],[-=] keys, %, 8 digits |
TMS0130 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Olympia CD85, Panasonic JE-860 | +,-,= keys, sqr(x), PI |
TMS0131 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Olympia CD81, Panasonic JE-855 | +,-,= keys, Memory, 8 digits |
TMS0132 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | APF Mark VII, Craig 4510, Hunor 88 | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, 8 digits |
TMS0135 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Exactra 20, TI-2000 | +,-,= keys, 6 digits |
TMS0137 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Sears 8 | +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits |
TMS0138 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon Pocketronic II | +,-,= keys, %, 10 digits, uses Printer chip TMS0641 |
TMS0719 | 1972 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-2500 | +,-,= keys, 8 digits |
The TMS0800 family adds segment-drivers for LED-Displays with up to 9 digits to the TMS0100 series.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS0801 | 1973 | Single-chip, Basic | Bowmar MX-20, Canon LE-84, Sinclair Cambridge | +,-,= keys, Constant, 8 digits |
TMS0803 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-1500, Tabulex alpha | +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits |
TMC0805 | 1974 | Single-chip, Sci | Sinclair Scientific | UPN, log, sin..., 8 digits |
TMC0806 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Exactra 19 | +,-,= keys, 6 (8) digits |
TMS0807 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon LE-85 | [+=],[-=] keys, sqr(x), 8 digits |
TMS0833 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | MBO Expert | +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits |
The TMS0850 family adds segment- and digit-drivers for low-voltage VF-Displays with up to 9 digits to the TMS0800 series.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS0851 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | Privileg 804D | +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits |
TMS0852 | 1974 | Single-chip, Basic | TI-150 | +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits |
TMS0855 | 1975 | Single-chip, Basic | Canon LD-80, Silver-Reed 8, Homeland 8011 | +,-,= keys, %, sqr(x) |
With the TMS1001 Texas Instruments introduced the first member of the famous TMS1000 Microcomputer Family. The chip contains a microcomputer complete with a Read-Only program Memory (ROM) having 1,024 8-bit Words; a temporary storage Random-Access Memory (RAM); input (from keypad); output (to control keypad scan and LED display); and an oscillator (clock). The TMS1000 chip was designed to span a range of hand-held calculator products (from four-function up through simple memory calculators). Since the chip had to be customized with the ROM program appropriate to a product, other programmable features were included to improve the chip's flexibility. Today we know 13 different chips used in TI calculators. These chips vary in implementation technology, number of I/O lines, display drive, amount of ROM (up to 26.6k Bits) and amount of RAM (up to 1,280 Bits). Calculator applications range from simple four-function calculators to the 50-step programmable TI-57. As of mid 1979, over 35 million TMS1000 chips were deployed in both calculator and non-calculator applications, establishing the TMS1000 as the computer architecture with the largest installed base. The internal clock rate varies from 200 to 450 kHz, depending on technology. Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS1001 | 1974 | Single chip, Sci | SR-16 | Full scientific (w/o trig), 8+2 digits |
TMC1014 | 1975 | Dual chip, Printing | TI-5050 | Used with TMS1214 |
TMS1016 | 1975 | Single chip, Sci | SR-16-II | Full scientific (w/o trig), 8+2 digits |
TMS1042 | 1975 | Single chip, Basic | Olympia CD45A, Canon LD-8Ms | |
TMS1043 | 1975 | Single chip, Basic | TI-2550 III | +,-,= keys, Memory, RV, %, x2, 1/x, √x |
TMS1044 | 1975 | Single chip, Basic | Bohsei 1000, Unisonic 1040-1 | +,-,= keys, %, √x, EX |
TMS1045 | 1975 | Single chip, Basic | Toshiba BC-8111B, BC-8112SL, Canon L813, F-31 | +,-,= keys, %, x2, 1/x, √x |
ZA0535 | 1975 | Single chip, Sci | Canon F-2 | Full scientific, 8+2 digits |
TMS1071 | 1975 | Single chip, Basic | TI-2550 II, Homeland 8105 | +,-,= keys, Memory, EX/RV, %, x2, 1/x, √x |
TMC1073 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic, Desktop | TI-5100, Toshiba BC-1015 | |
TMC1079 | 1979 | Single chip, Basic | Canon MD-8 | Two-line display, 8+8 digits |
TMC1081 | 1979 | Single chip, Basic, Desktop | Panasonic JE-1604U, JE-170U | 10 digits, GPM |
TMS1111 | (1976) | Single chip, Scientific | SR-40 Prototype | |
TMS1115 | 1976 | Single chip, Printing | TI-5050M | |
TMS1116 | 1976 | Computer Radio Scanner | Regency ACT-T16K | |
TMS1214 | 1975 | Dual chip, Printing | TI-5050 | Used with TMC1014 |
TMS1273 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | Olympia CD102, CD 202, Toshiba BC-1260A, BC-1270, Elite 1202M (2nd Version) | [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, √x, 12 digits |
TMS1276 | 1976 | Single chip, Desktop | TI-5040 (1st Version) | |
TMC1277 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | Canon LD-10M3 | |
TMC1278 | 1976 | Single chip, Desktop | TI-5200 | |
TMC1309 | 1977 | Single chip, Printing | TI-5220 | Drives thermal printhead |
TMC1312 | 1977 | Single chip, Printing | TI-5225 | Drives thermal printhead |
TMC1372 | 1977 | Single chip, Printing | TI-5220, TI-5225 (ZA0396) | Drives VF-Display |
TMC1376 | 1977 | Single chip, Printing | TI-5230 | Drives VF-Display |
ZA0543 (TMS1370) | 1976 | Single chip, Desktop | Canon L1632 | 16 digits |
ZA0552 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | Canon L1010, LD-10M | 10 digits |
ZA0571 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | Adman L-0830T | %, K, 8 digits |
With the TI-1200 and TI-1250 calculators Texas Instruments introduced in March 1975 the first calculators using a real single chip design. The 8 digit LED-display and 8*4 matrix keyboard are connected directly to the integrated circuit and the whole system is powered by a single 9V battery. While the original design of the TMS0950 series is very similar to the TMS1000 with added display drivers for 7-segment LEDs, reduced the TMS0970 design the chip size dramatically while maintaining its specifications. Texas Instruments changed its nomenclature in 1977 from TMS0970 to TMC0970/TMC0900. The chip design of the TMC0970 is very similar to the more capable TMC0980.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMS0952 | 1975 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1200, TI-1250 | +,-,= keys, Memory, sign + 8 digits |
TMS0954 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1260 | +,-,= keys, Memory, conversions |
TMS0956 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | Sharp EL-204 | +,-,= keys, Memory, sqr(x) |
TMS0972/ZA0348 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1250, National Semiconductor 835A (!) | 8 digits, minor changes to TMS0952 |
TMS0974/ZA0355 | 1976 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1270 | +,-,= keys, x2,1/x,sqr(x),PI, 8 digits |
TMS0975/ZA0356 | 1976 | Single chip, Educational | Little Professor | |
TMC0904 | 1977 | Toy | Milton Bradley COMP IV | |
TMC0905 | 1977 | Toy | Parker Brothers Code Name:Sector | |
TMC0907/ZA0379 | 1977 | Educational | Wiz-A-Tron |
In the year 1976, with the SR-40 and TI-30 the first scientific calculators using a real single chip design were introduced. These calculators used a 8 digit LED-display, too. In 1977 the display size was expanded to 8+2 digits with the introduction of the TMC1500 design. The TMC1980 family replaced the drivers for LED from the TMC0980 with drivers for VFD. Find more details in the description of the TMS1000 Microcomputer family. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC0980/CD9801 | 1978 | Custom design | Goulds Pumpulator | ROM code CD9801 |
TMC0980/MP6100 | 1979 | Toy | Ideal Electronic Detective | ROM code MP6100 |
TMC0980/MP6101B | 1979 | Toy | Parker Brothers Stop Thief | ROM code MP6101B |
TMC0981 | 1976 | Single chip, Sci | TI-30, SR-40 | Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits |
TMC0982 | 1976 | Single chip, Fin | Business Analyst | Full financial, 8 (5+2) digits |
TMC0983/ZA0675 | 1978 | Single chip, HEX | TI Programmer | HEX calculator, ROM code ZA0675 |
TMC0984 | 1976 | Single chip, Sci | TI-33 | Full scientific, no AOS, 3 Mem., 8 (5+2) digits |
TMC0985 | 1977 | Single chip, Sci | OEM | Full scientific, no AOS, 8 (5+2) digits |
TMC1981 | 1977 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1680 | uses TMC0999 |
TMC1982 | 1977 | Educational | TI Dataman | |
TMC1983 | 1978 | Single chip, Sci | TI-45 | Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits |
TMC1984 | 1978 | Educational | Spelling B (original) | uses TMC0272 |
TMC1986 | 1980 | Educational | Math Marvel |
Shortly before the introduction of the CMOS technology in the year 1978 a final chip-size optimized architecture for four-function calculators was introduced with the TMC1990. Find more details in the description of the TMS1000 Microcomputer family.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1991 | 1977 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1000 | Die-up |
TMC1992 | 1977 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1000 Version 2 | Die-down |
TMC1993 | 1978 | Educational | Little Professor | Die-up and Die-down |
During the peak of the calculator war (around 1976 to 1978) a lot of customized chip architectures appeared even from Texas Instruments. Instead using the TMS1000 device with the large ROM and RAM count, some "area optimized" architectures appeared. Don’t forget that in the early days of IC-Technology the yield of designs with some thousands of transistors was poor! The TMC0920 introduced in June 1977 uses a serial architecture with five 40-bit registers instead the 16*4-bit data registers of the TMS1000 family, just 511*9 Bits ROM and a one-bit serial adder. Only few calculators make use of the TMC0920 devices.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC0921 | 1977 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1050 | +,-,= keys, Memory, srq(x), % |
TMC0923 | 1977 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1025 | +,-,= keys, Memory, % |
In 1977 the display size of the single chip scientific
calculators was
expanded to 8+2 digits. Together with a larger memory these chips have transistor
counts of roughly 30,000 elements. Like the TMC0920 series utilizes the TMC1500
a serial architecture but changed its specifications significantly featuring
twenty 64-bit registers, 2,048*13 Bits ROM, one-bit serial adder and drivers for
a 12-digit LED display. Die photo courtesy of
Sean Riddle.
RAM-size determination courtesy of
Ken Shirriff.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC1501 | 1977 | Single chip, Sci | TI-57 Programmable | Full scientific, programmable,8+2 digits |
TMC1502 | 1977 | Single chip, Fin | The MBA | Full financial, large Memory,8+2 digits |
TMC1503 | 1977 | Single chip, Sci | TI-55 | Full scientific, large Memory,8+2 digits |
Texas Instruments introduced with the redesigned TI-5040 in 1978 a desktop calculator with integrated thermal printer and VF-Display based on the TMC0260.
TMC0261 | 1978 | Display, Printer | TI-5040 (2nd Version) | Single-chip printing calculator |
TMC0262 | 1978 | Display, Printer | TI-5025 | Single-chip printing calculator |
TMC0263 | 1980 | Display, Printer | TI-5135 | Single-chip printing calculator |
In the year 1978 Texas Instruments invented the synthesizer technology to reproduce human speech with tuned voices stored in ROM's (integrated circuits) and created the Speak & Spell. Find more information about the synthesizer chips and their Speech-ROMs here. The first products used specialized calculator chips of the TMS1000 family to manage keyboard and display of the product. From a technical point of view these devices are very similar to the TMS0980 family but optimized for 14-segment VF-Displays instead of 7-segment LED-displays.
The derivatives were either numbered like TMC0271, TMC0272... or got a CD (Custom Design) number, e.g. CD2702.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TMC0271 | 1978 | Educational | Speak & Spell (1978) | |
TMC0272 | 1978 | Educational | Spelling B (UK) | Uses TMC1984 |
TMC0273 | 1980 | Educational | Mr. Challenger | |
TMC0274 | 1978 | Educational | Spelling B | |
TMC0275 | 1979 | Business | Language Translator | |
TMC0270/CD2701 | 1980 | Educational | Speak & Spell (Spanish Voice) | |
TMC0270/CD2702 | 1980 | Educational | La dictee magique | |
TMC0270/CD2704 | 1980 | Educational | Speak & Math (1980) | |
TMC0270/CD2705 | 1980 | Educational | Speak & Read | |
TMC0270/CD2708 | 1981 | Educational | Speak & Math (1981) |
In 1978 Texas Instruments introduced the first CMOS calculator chips based on the TMS1000 Microcomputer family. The TP0320 architecture is similar to the TMC0980 chips introduced two years earlier for the TI-30 calculator. The main difference – beside the manufacturing process – is the permanent connection of the internal memory (12*64 Bits RAM + 64 Bits Display RAM) to the supply voltage. This feature allowed the „Constant Memory“ found on the calculators based on the TP0320 family like the TI-50 or TI-53. Even after you turn off the calculator its user memory is stored inside the chip. The supply current is low enough to buffer the memory more than a year from two small button cells. The program memory with 2k*9 Bits ROM allowed the conversion of most calculating features known from Majestic calculators (Scientific, Statistical and Financial calculator or even Flight computers). Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
Remember that the first LCD-calculators sold by Texas Instruments used foreign calculator chips manufactured by Toshiba. Find more information about them here.
Together with the CMOS process the employees of Texas Instruments changed the nomenclature of the chips. Instead of the leading characters TMS (Texas MOS Standard) or TMC (Texas MOS Custom) the abbreviation TP appeared for the new device families. These Microcomputers got both ROM programmability and Gate programmability (e.g. segment decoder). The derivatives were either numbered like TP0320, TP0321... or got a CD (Custom Design) number, e.g. CD3202.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TP0320/CD3201 | 1978 | Single chip, Fin | TI Investment Analyst | Full financial, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0320/CD3202 | 1980 | Single chip, Sci | TI-30-II, TI-30 LCD | Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0321 | 1978 | Single chip, Sci | TI-50 | Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0322 | 1978 | Single chip, Fin | TI Business Analyst II | Full financial, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0323 | 1978 | Single chip, Sci | TI-53 | Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0324 | 1978 | Single chip, Sci | TI-35 | Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0325 | 1979 | Single chip, Fin | Business Card | Reduced keyboard, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0326 | 1979 | Single chip, Sci | TI-38, TI-20 | TI-35 w/o statistics |
TP0327 | 1979 | Single chip, Sci | Sharp EL-503 | Reduced keyboard, 8 (5+2) digits |
TP0328 | 1980 | Flight Computer | Jeppesen avstar | Conversions and calculations |
During the calculator war (about 1976 to 1978) a lot of customized chip architectures appeared even from Texas Instruments. Instead using the TMS1000 device with the large ROM and RAM count, some "area optimized" architectures appeared. Don’t forget that in the early days of IC-Technology the yield of designs with some thousands of transistors was poor! The TP0310 introduced in the year 1978 based on the serial architecture of the TMS0920 optimized for the TMS1050 calculator. This was the most compact design with only 511*9 Bits ROM and 40*5 Bits RAM using a one-bit serial adder. Only few calculators make use of the TP0310 devices. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TP0311 | 1978 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1030 | +,-,= keys, Memory, srq(x), % |
TP0314 | 1978 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1070 | +,-,= keys, Memory, x2, 1/x, sqr(x), PI |
The TP0320 architecture with only 28-pin housings, 2k*9 Bits ROM and (12+1)*64 Bits RAM limited calculator designs to simple Scientific (TI-50), Statistical (TI-35) and Financial (Business Analyst II) calculators driving displays with only 8 digits (or 5 digits + 2 exponents) resolution. The "programmable" TI-53 stored as much as 32 key entries in the memory, that’s it!
Texas Instruments introduced with the TP0455 architecture a new design to overcome these limitations. It is related to the TMS1000 architecture but added time-keeping capabilities, a more flexible display driver and a different RAM architecture with 128*4 Bits capacity. The TP0455 is still gate-programmable. The first use of the TP0455 was the CD4501 design found in the Time Card introduced end of the year 1981. The TI-55 II demonstrated the flexibility of the TP0455 architecture, two chips formed a powerful Primary-Secondary architecture. The Primary device uses a 40-pin housing and scans the keyboard, drives a huge display with 8+2 digits and performs the math capabilities. The Secondary device in the well known 28-pin housing doubles the memory capacity of the calculator. This allows e.g. 56 program steps compared to the 32 steps of the TI-53.
The TP0455 design was soon replaced with the TP0456 and most designs were converted. The CD numbers were incremented 50 units to distinguish the difference between TP0455 (e.g. CD4515) and TP0456 e.g. CD4565). The TP0456 seems to be upward compatible to the TP0320, we know with the TI-30 LCD and TI-30-II calculators using either the CD3202 or CD4565 design. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TP0455/CD4501C | 1981 | Single chip, Basic | TI-1745 (DataCard Time) | not released |
TP0455/CD4505A | 1981 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-55 II Secondary | Full scientific, 56 steps |
TP0455/CD4506A | 1981 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-55 II Primary | Full scientific, 56 steps |
TP0455/CD4507B | 1981 | Single chip, Sci | TI-35, TI-40 | Replaces TP0324 |
TP0455/CD4508C | 1982 | Single chip, Clock | TI-2000 (Time Manager) | Full Alarm Clock |
TP0455/CD4509B | 1982 | Single chip | TI-1890 (Converter) | US/ISO converter |
TP0455/CD4511A | 1982 | Single chip | CA-800 | Cassette Interface for TI-88 |
TP0455/CD4512 | 1982 | Dual chip | AC-II Primary | not yet discovered |
TP0455/CD4513 | 1982 | Dual chip | AC-II Secondary | not yet discovered |
TP0455/CD4514B | 1982 | Single chip | TI-2001 GTI | Car computer |
TP0455/CD4515 | 1982 | Single chip, Sci | TI-30 LCD | Replaces TP0320-CD3202 |
TP0455/CD4518 | 1982 | Single chip | CMF | not yet discovered |
TP0455/CD4519 | 1982 | Single chip | LCD Programmer | base-8 and base-16 calculator |
TP0456/CD4551 | 1981 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-54 Primary | Scientific with complex numbers |
TP0456/CD4553 | 1983 | Dual chip, Fin | BA-54, BA-55 | Full financial, 40 steps |
TP0456/CD4554 | 1983 | Dual chip, Fin | BA-54, BA-55 | Full financial, 40 steps |
TP0456/CD4555 | 1981 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-54, TI-55II, TI-57 LCD Secondary | Full scientific |
TP0456/CD4556 | 1981 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-55 II Primary | Full scientific, 56 steps |
TP0456/CD4557 | 1982 | Single chip, Sci | TI-35 | Replaces TP0324 |
TP0456/CD4557A | 1986 | Single chip, Sci | TI-30 Stat | Replaces TP0324 |
TP0456/CD4558A | 1982 | Single chip, Clock | TI-2000 (Time Manager) | Full Alarm Clock |
TP0456/CD4559A | 1982 | Single chip | TI-1890 (Converter) | US/ISO converter |
TP0456/CD4560 | 1982 | Single chip | TI-?? | not yet discovered |
TP0456/CD4561D | 1982 | Single chip | CA-800 | Cassette Interface for TI-88 |
TP0456/CD4562 | 1982 | Dual chip | AC-II Primary | not yet discovered |
TP0456/CD4563 | 1982 | Dual chip | AC-II Secondary | not yet discovered |
TP0456/CD4564 | 1982 | Single chip | TI-2001 GTI | Car computer |
TP0456/CD4565 | 1982 | Single chip, Sci | TI-30 LCD, TI-30 III | Replaces TP0320-CD3202 |
TP0456/CD4566 | 1982 | Single chip | MicroManager | Power/time calculations for microwave cooking |
TP0456/CD4568 | 1982 | Single chip | CMF | not yet discovered |
TP0456/CD4569 | 1982 | Single chip | LCD Programmer | base-8 and base-16 calculator |
TP0456/CD4570 | 1982 | Single chip | LCD Little Professor | Educational toy |
TP0456/CD4571 | 1982 | Single chip, Fin | BA-35 | Full financial |
TP0456/CD4572 | 1982 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-57 LCD Primary | Full scientific, 48 steps |
TP0456/CD4573 | 1983 | Dual chip | PC-200 | Printer for TI-66 and BA-55 |
TP0456/CD4574 | 1983 | Dual chip | PC-200 | Printer for TI-66 and BA-55 |
TP0456/CD4575 | 1983 | Dual chip, Flight Computer | Jeppesen Sanderson prostar Secondary | Conversions and calculations |
TP0456/CD4576 | 1983 | Dual chip, Flight Computer | Jeppesen Sanderson prostar Primary | Conversions and calculations |
We assume that the CD46xx nomenclature was used for original TP0456 designs, they were discovered mainly in educational toys. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TP0456/CD4614 | 1986 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-60 Secondary | Full scientific, 84 steps |
TP0456/CD4616 | 1986 | Single chip | MathStar | Educational toy |
TP0456/CD4617 | 1987 | Dual chip | TI Spelling B | Educational toy |
TP0456/CD4618 | 1987 | Dual chip | TI Spelling B | Educational toy |
TP0456/CD4631 | 1989 | Single chip | Math...ToGo!, Professor 1.2.3 | Educational toy |
TP0456/CD4632 | 1989 | Single chip | Time...ToGo!, Professor Time | Educational toy |
TP0456/CD4633 | 1989 | Single chip | Words...ToGo! | Educational toy |
TP0456/CD4634 | 1989 | Single chip | Professor ABC | Educational toy |
The next step in the enhanced CMOS
architectures could be found in the TP0458 architecture. These chips with the CD48xx
nameplate use always a 40-pin housing and hold 50% more ROM and RAM cells
compared to the TP0456 for an impressive 3k*9 Bits ROM and 192*4 Bits RAM
capacity. In conjunction with the Primary-Secondary architecture some powerful
calculators like the TI-62 Galaxy or TI-65 appeared with as much as 112
programming steps or 16 data memories and even timer functions. Single-chip
designs were discovered in "display intensive“ products like the TI-30 Galaxy or
the rare BA-III. Die photo courtesy of
Sean Riddle.
RAM-size determination courtesy of
Ken Shirriff.
With the introduction of the TP0458 we could almost (save LCD III Family) close the history of calculator chips manufactured by Texas Instruments. The years between 1967 and 1982 brought us a lot of exciting calculator architectures driven by
• Technology (early steps with multi-chip
designs)
• Flexibility (TMS1000 architecture)
• Cost Price (serial architectures)
• Development Costs (TP0456 architecture)
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TP0458/CD4805 | 1987 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-65 Secondary | Full scientific, 100 steps, Timer |
TP0458/CD4806 | 1987 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-65 Primary | Full scientific, 100 steps, Timer |
TP0458/CD4808 | 1986 | Single chip, Sci | TI-30 Galaxy | Full scientific |
TP0458/CD4810 | 1986 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-62 Galaxy Primary | Full scientific, 100 steps |
TP0458/CD4811 | 1986 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-62 Galaxy Secondary | Full scientific, 100 steps |
TP0458/CD4812 | 1987 | Single chip, Fin | BA-III | Full financial |
TP0458/CD4815 | 1986 | Dual chip, Sci | TI-60 Primary | Full scientific, 84 steps |
TP0458/CD4816 | 1988 | Single chip, Sci | Galaxy Junior | Educational calculator |
If you dig deep into the calculator related patents filed by Texas Instruments and know about the mystery TI-88 calculator, you’ll discover additional devices:
• TP0470/TP0475 4-bit microcontroller with CD2901, CD2902 and CD2903
• TP0480 4-bit microcontroller with LCD Driver
• TP0485 4-bit microcontroller with CD2901 and CD2902
• TP0530 Serial cascadable driver for alphanumeric LC-Display
• TP0531 and TP0532 4-bit Memories with CD5402 and CD5403
Unfortunately we don’t know much about the LCD III calculator chip family. The patent application is centered around a „Data processing system integrated circuit having modular memory add-on capacity“ and describes a TMS1000 chip with different slice-lines to produce area-optimized chips with adoptable memory size. According to the patent the ROM-size varies between 1k Words and 4k Words, the RAM-size seems to be between 56 and 224 Bytes. Based on information from the estate of CB Wilson located by Jon Guidry and made available on his website www.hexbus.com we understand the naming convention of the TP0470 - TP0485 devices:
• TP0470 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4
Bits RAM, no Timekeeping, no LCD Driver
• TP0475 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4 Bits RAM, Timekeeping, no LCD Driver
• TP0480 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4 Bits RAM, no Timekeeping, LCD Driver
• TP0485 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4 Bits RAM, Timekeeping, LCD Driver
The inside view of a TI-88 gives you some chip numbers but without destroying the calculator we aren’t able to reverse engineer them.
UPDATE January 2021: We sacrificed a working TI Programmable 88 and decapped its chips to reveal amazing technology! Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
It’s a pity that the TI-88 never got the final approval for mass production...
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
TP0475 | 1979 | Multi chip, Sci | "Product X" | Timekeeping, Key Scan and I/O Controller |
TP0470 | 1979 | Multi chip, Sci | "Product X" | Primary Controller |
TP0470 | 1979 | Multi chip, Sci | "Product X" | Arithmetic Controller |
TP0480 | 1979 | Multi chip, Sci | "None" | TP0470 with LCD driver |
TP0475/CD2901 | 1980 | Multi chip, Sci | "TI-85" | Timekeeping, Key Scan and I/O Controller |
TP0475/CD2902 | 1980 | Multi chip, Sci | "TI-85" | Primary Controller |
TP0485/CD2901 | 1982 | Multi chip, Sci | TI-88 | Timekeeping, Key Scan and I/O Controller Revisions -, C, H, K observed |
TP0485/CD2902 | 1982 | Multi chip, Sci | TI-88 | Primary Controller Revisions -, C, H, K observed |
TP0530 | 1980 | Multi chip, Sci | "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 | Display Driver for 8 characters alphanumeric LCD |
TP0531 | 1980 | Multi chip, Sci | "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 | Read/Write Memory 4,800 bits (600 program steps or 75 data memories) Revisions -, A, B, C observed |
TP0532/CD5402 | 1980 | Multi chip, Sci | "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 | Read Only Memory 120,000 bits (15,000 program memories) Revisions -, B, C, E observed |
TP0532/CD5403 | 1980 | Multi chip, Sci | "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 | CROM Module Read Only Memory 120,000 bits (15,000 program steps) No revisions observed |
Before the real single-chip calculators were introduced in the mid of the Seventies, the LED displays were connected to digit drivers and on the first designs to additional segment drivers.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
SN75491 | 1971 | 4 segment driver | TI-2500 | Introduced with the TMS0102 |
SN75492 | 1971 | 6 digit driver | TI-2500 | Introduced with the TMS0102, aka SN96912, SN99253 |
SN75493 | 1972 | 4 segment driver | SR-10 | aka SN27422, SN27915 |
SN75494 | 1972 | 6 digit driver | SR-10 | aka SN27423, SN27914 |
SN75497 | 1974 | 7 digit driver | SR-50 | aka SN27882, SN97311 |
SN75498 | 1974 | 9 digit driver | TI-2550-II |
Some earlier calculators are using Integrated Circuits instead of discrete electronics to generate the single-phase or dual-phase clock signals of the calculator chips. Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
SN97211 | 1975 | 192 kHz, opposite phases, TMC0500 | SR-52 | Ceramic resonator, 384 kHz |
SN97227 | 1976 | 125 kHz, opposite phases, TMC0500 | SR-50A, SR-51A | RC-oscillator, 250 kHz |
TP0190N | 1975 | CMOS Clock Buffer | SR-52 | Unbuffered CD4011A @ 15.8V |
TP0240, TP0300, TP0301(A), TP0335 | 1975 | 192 kHz, opposite phases, TI-58 227.5 kHz, opposite phases, TI-59 |
TI-58, TI-59 | Ceramic resonator, 384 kHz or 455 kHz |
Some earlier calculators are using DC/DC converters to generate the supply voltages of the calculator chips. Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle.
Type | Year | Function | Calculator | Comments |
SN77203 | 1980 | 1-cell, +3 V, -4 V, LBI, SI/O | TI-88 | Used with TI-88, CA-800, PC-800 |
If you have additions to the above article please email: joerg@datamath.org.
© Juergen Dobrinski, Sean Riddle, Mikhail Svarichevsky, and Joerg Woerner, 2001 - 2022. No reprints without written permission.