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Texas Instruments IC - Integrated Circuits

Texas Instruments invented the Integrated Circuit (IC) in the year 1958. The first calculators with integrated circuits used DTL (Diode Transistor Logic), RTL (Resistor Transistor Logic) or TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) elements. These ICs are small building blocks with typical 4 logic gates or 2 flip-flops in a 14 to 16 pin plastic housing. To get a working calculator you need more than 50 of them. The Cal-Tech project demonstrated in 1967 a calculator using only 3 LSI circuits (Large Scale Integration) with more than 1,000 transistors per circuit and some additional shift registers. From that starting point the calculator race created every year new integrated circuits with higher complexity following the Law of Moore. Working at another supplier of integrated circuits, the well known company Intel, Moore stated: Every three years the complexity of integrated circuits will double. The law is proved, within 30 years the complexity reached more than a million of transistors per integrated circuit. 

In the meantime Texas Instruments stopped the production of integrated circuits for calculators. Most modern TI products use chips from Toshiba. View the calculator chips manufactured by Toshiba here.

It's difficult to get information about the calculator circuits manufactured by Texas Instruments. The following table gives an overview of the known circuits, a brief description and the calculators using them. 

TI - Integrated Circuits   Quick-Links

Family Year Description First Calculator
TMC1730 1970 First TI chipset produced for Canon Inc. Canon Pocketronic
TMC1733 1971 Second TI chipset produced for Canon Inc. Canon L121
TMC1761 1971 Third TI chipset produced for Canon Inc. Canon L163
TMC1771 1971 First TI chipset produced for Smith Corona Marchant SCM Marchant 1
TMS1802 1971 First commercial available single-chip calculator unknown
TMC1813 1971 Forth TI chipset produced for Canon Inc. (Canon L121F)
TMC1824 1971 Fifth TI chipset produced for Canon Inc. Canon L100A
TMC1827 1972 First TI chipset produced for Olivetti Olivetti Logos 270
TMC1864 1971 First TI chipset produced for Sumlock-Compucorp Compucorp 324G
TMC1876 1972 Second TI chipset produced for Olivetti Olivetti Logos 50/60
TMS0100 1971 Complete single-chip calculator family Bowmar 901B
TMS0120 1972 First single-chip scientific calculator SR-10
TMS0200 1973 Chipset for 12 digit calculators TI-4000
TMS0300 1973 Chipset for 12 digit calculators TI-4000
TMC0400 1973 Chipset for 12 digit calculators SR-22
TMS0500 1974 Chipset for scientific calculators SR-50
TMS0600 1973 Enhanced First generation single-chip calculators TI-2550
TMS0700 1973 TMS0100 Second generation single-chip calculators TI-2500
TMS0800 1973 Second generation single-chip calculators Canon LE-84
TMS1000 1974 Third generation single-chip calculators SR-16
TMS0950 1975 Chip-size optimized single-chip calculators TI-1200
TMC0980 1976 Second generation scientific calculators SR-40
TMC1990 1977 Forth generation single-chip calculators TI-1000
TMC0920 1977 Simplified single-chip calculators TI-1050
TMC1500 1977 Third generation scientific calculators TI-55
TMC0260 1978 First single-chip generation printing calculators TI-5040
TMC0270 1978 First generation educational toys Speak & Spell
TP0320 1978 First generation CMOS single-chip calculators TI-50
TP0310 1978 Simplified CMOS single-chip calculators TI-1030
TP0455 1981 Enhanced CMOS calculator chips TI-40
TP0456 1981 Enhanced CMOS calculator chips TI-55-II
TP0458 1986 Enhanced CMOS calculator chips TI-60
TP0470/TP0475 1981 Failed CMOS single-chip calculators (Project X)
TP0485 1982 Failed CMOS single-chip calculators (TI-88)
TP0530 1982 Failed CMOS single-chip calculators (TI-88)
       

TI - Support Chips   Quick-Links

    Display Driver Chips  
    Clock Generation and Clock Buffer Chips  
    DC/DC Converter Chips  

 

First TI chipset produced for Canon Inc.

This set of 3 Integrated Circuits was streamlined to the Pocketronic with its thermal printer. 
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Ceramic or Plastic (DIC/DIP) packages with 40 pins and 28 pins.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1730 1970   Canon Pocketronic (Monroe 10)  
TMC1731    
TMC1732     

Second TI chipset produced for Canon Inc.

The second chipset supported displays instead the thermal printer of the Pocketronic. Two different Data Chips are known, the Arithmetic Chip was later replaced.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Ceramic or Plastic (DIC/DIP) cases with 40 pins and 28 pins.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1733 1971 Data Chip Canon L121 (Monroe 620)  
TMC1733A 1971 Data Chip Canon L120 (Monroe 610)  
TMC1734 1971 Data Chip Canon L160 (Monroe 610)  
TMC1737 1971 Data Chip Canon L100  
TMC1753 1971 Timing Chip    
TMC1754 1971 Entry Chip    
TMC1755 1971 Arithmetic Chip (ROM)    
TMC1807 1971  Arithmetic Chip (ROM)   Replaced the TMC1755

Third TI chipset produced for Canon Inc.

This chipset consists of 6 Integrated Circuits, one of them was later replaced.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline-Plastic (DIP) cases with 40 pins.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1761 1971   Canon L163 (Monroe 650)  
TMC1763 1971   Canon L163, L167P  
TMC1764 1971 Display Chip Canon L163  
TMC1765 1971   Canon L163, L167P  
TMC1766 1971 Entry Chip Canon L163, L167P  
TMC1767 1971 Arithmetic Chip (ROM 1) Canon L163  
TMC1768 1971  Arithmetic Chip (ROM 2) Canon L163  
TMC1793 1971 Arithmetic Chip (ROM 1 new) Canon L163 Replaced the TMC1767
TMC1812 1971   Canon L167P  
TMC1816 1971   Canon L167P  

First TI chipset produced for Smith Corona Marchant

This set of 3 Integrated Circuits was manufactured for the Smith Corona Marchant Model 1 calculator introduced in October 1970 as a replacement for the chipset provided by American Microsystems, Inc (AMI).
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Single-Inline Ceramic (CIP) packages with 40 pins.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1771SC 1970   SCM Marchant 1 Nixie tubes, 8 digits
TMC1772SC    
TMC1773SC     

Forth TI chipset produced for Canon Inc.

The development of this chipset for Canon was cancelled in favor of the TMS0200 Building Blocks for Desktop Calculators.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 40 pins.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1813 1971 ROM Chip (Canon L121F)  Replaced with TMC0321 ROM Chip
TMC1814 1971 Data Chip   Replaced with TMS0201 Data Chip

Fifth TI chipset produced for Canon Inc.

Compared with the previous chipsets the trend goes toward single-chip solutions. Both chips contain together 512*13-bit Read-Only program Memory (ROM), a 19*16-bit Serial-Access Memory (SAM) and support calculators with up to 14 digits display width.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 40 pins.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1824 1971 Data Chip Canon L100A, LE-10   
TMC1825 1971 ROM Chip    

First TI chipset produced for Sumlock-Compucorp

This large chipset was developed by the engineers of Compucorp and produced by AMI. Later TI qualified as a second source to AMI. The chipset forms one of the first programmable calculators, the Compucorp 324G Scientist.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1864 1971 TCL08 - Display Compucorp 324G Replaced by TMC1884
TMC1866 1971 TCL06 - Data   Processor board
TMC1867 1971 TCL05 - Data   Processor board
TMC1868 1971 TCL01 - Printer Compucorp 325 Printer driver
TMC1869 1971 TCL02 - Keyboard   Keyboard-scanning electronic
TMC1870 1971 TCL04 - Data   Processor board
TMC1871 1971 TCL03 - ROM   Interface to RAM and ROM
TMC1872 1971 TCL07 - Data   Processor board
TMC1884 1971 TCL08 - Display    Display multiplexer

First TI chipset produced for Olivetti

This rare chipset was found in October 2010 by fellow collector Miguel from Argentina in an Olivetti Logos 270 desktop printing calculator. The keyboard of the calculator sports unusual [*=] [/=] [Q], [P], [R] keys and [S] and [T] memories.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 28 pins (
TMC1829) and 16 pins (TMC1827, TMC1828).

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1827 1972 not yet discovered Olivetti Logos 270  
TMC1828 1972 not yet discovered    
TMC1829 1972 not yet discovered    

Second TI chipset produced for Olivetti

This rare chipset was found recently in an Olivetti 55 desktop printing calculator from the Logos 50/60 series. The keyboard of the calculator sports additional [00][000] keys, unusual [*=] [/=] keys and a memory.
These chips are manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 28 pins (TMC1876) and 16 pins (TMC1828, TMC1877).

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1828 1972 not yet discovered Olivetti 55   
TMC1876 1972 not yet discovered    
TMC1877 1972 not yet discovered    

First commercial available single-chip calculator

The first commercial available "calculator-on-a-chip" was an MOS integrated circuit announced by TI in September 17, 1971. Find the original press release here. The chip contains 3520-bit Read-Only program Memory (ROM), a 182-bit Serial-Access Memory (SAM) and a decimal arithmetic logic unit as well as control, timing, and output decoders but no drivers for the display. This results in an overall complexity of roughly 5,000 transistors. The typical supply voltage of this chip is ±7.2 V at roughly 15 mA power consumption. 
These chips were originally manufactured in a "state of the art" 10-micron 1-metal PMOS process and using Dual-Inline Plastic (DIP) cases with 28 pins. Around July 1973 the first TMS0100 designs were ported to an 8-micron process and internally renamed to TMS0700.
It took about a year till the first copy of the original design appeared. US based company MOSTEK introduced the MK5020P December, 1972.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS1802 1971 Single-chip, Basic unknown Renamed to TMS0102
TMS1875 1972 Single-chip, Basic Heathkit IC-2008 Renamed to ???
TMS0101 1972 Single-chip, Basic Canon Palmtronic LE-80, LE-83 +,-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0102 1972 Single-chip, Basic Columbia II [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits
TMS0103 1972 Single-chip, Basic Bowmar 901B [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits
TMS0105 1972 Single-chip, Basic Canon L800 [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits
TMS0106 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-3500, Canon L100S [+=],[-=] keys,  10 digits, Panaplex
TMS0107 1972 Single-chip, Basic Bowmar 901D [+=],[-=] keys,  10 digits
TMS0109 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-3000 [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits, Panaplex
TMS0110 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-2500 Preseries  +,-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0111 1972 Single-chip, Basic Minimath prototypes  +,-,= keys,  8 digits, LCD
TMS0112 1972 Single-chip, Basic Toshiba BC-0802 [+=],-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0115 1972 Single-chip, Basic Panasonic JE-850 +,-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0117 1972 BCD Coprocessor   +,-,*,/,=,INC,DEC,  10 digits
TMS0118 1972 Single-chip, Basic   +,-,= keys,  10 digits
TMS0119 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-2500, Heathkit IC-2108 +,-,= keys,  8 digits

First commercial available single-chip scientific calculator

The original TMS1802 single-chip calculator circuit was limited to basic calculators with 8 digits or 10 digits calculations. The SR-10 "Slide Rule" calculator is based on the TMS0120 using the TMS0100 in a novel approach to add to the 8-digit Mantissa in scientific notation a 2-digit Exponent and repurposing the unused Segment H for the minus sign of the Exponent.  

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS0120 1972 Single chip, Sci SR-10 +,-,= keys, x2,1/x, sqr(x), 8+2 digits

Chipset for 12-digit calculators

One limitation of the 28-pin packages of the TMS01xx was the maximum number of 10 or 8+2 digits for the results. For desktop calculators Texas Instruments developed with the TMS0200 Building Blocks a chipsets with 40-pin packages for the integrated circuits.    

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS0201 1973 Data Chip, Basic TI-4000, Canon L121F, L1210 12 digits, Panaplex
TMS0202 1973 Data Chip, Sci SR-20 10+2 digits, Panaplex
TMS0203 1973 Data Chip, Basic TI-450, TI-500, TI-620, TEAL 6121D, PM1200 12 digits, Panaplex
TMS0206 1973 Data Chip Olympia CD401A 12 digits, VFD
TMS0207 1973 Data Chip, HEX SR-22 10+2 digits, Panaplex  
TMS0221 1974 Printer Chip, Drum Impact TI-500, TI-620 Used together with TMS0203
TMC0251 1976 Printer/Display Chip, Thermal Printer PC-100A, B, C Dot Matrix
TMC0253 1976 Printer/Display Chip, 5*7 Display SR-60(A) Drives alphanumeric display
TMC0254 1976 Printer/Display Chip, Thermal Printer SR-60(A) Dot Matrix
TMC0255 1978 Printer/Display Chip, Thermal Printer TI-5230 Dot Matrix
TMS0301 1973 ROM Chip, Basic TI-4000 [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K
TMS0302 1973 ROM Chip, Basic Canon L121F [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K
TMS0304 1973 ROM Chip, Sci SR-20 +,-,= keys, x2,1/x, sqr(x), x!, PI, ex
TMS0305 1974 ROM Chip, Basic TI-500 [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, Printer only
TMS0306 1974 1st ROM Chip, Basic TI-620 Printing only
TMS0311 1973 ROM Chip, Basic Teal PM1200 [+=],[-=] keys
TMS0318 1973 ROM Chip, Basic Olympia CD401A [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, %
TMS0320 1973 ROM Chip, Basic TEAL 6121D, Elite 1202M (1st) Version [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, EX, K, %, sqr(x)
TMC0321 1973 ROM Chip, Basic Canon L1210 [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, sqr(x)
TMC0322 1973 ROM Chip, Basic TI-450 [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K
TMC0323 1973 1st ROM Chip, HEX SR-22  
TMC0404 1973 2nd ROM/Register Chip, HEX SR-22   
TMC0406 1974 2nd ROM/Register Chip TI-620 Printing only

Chipset for scientific calculators

With the TMS0500 Building Blocks Texas Instruments created a novel architecture for scalable scientific calculators. The architecture used minimum a 2-chip design with the Arithmetic chip and the SCOM (Scanning Read-Only Memory) but was expandable to a maximum of 8 SCOMs, additional RAM as program memory for programmable calculators, additional RAM for general purpose registers and even a chip driving a printer borrowed from the TMS0200 family. Most scientific and programmable calculators manufactured by Texas Instruments between the years 1974 and 1982 (SR-50..TI-59) are based on these chips.
 
Abbreviations:

ARITH     Arithmetic Chip with 5*16 Digits registers, segment scanning and driving
SCOM     Scanning and Read Only Memory Chipwith 1k*13 Bits instruction memory and 16*16 Digits constants
DSCOM   SCOM Scip with doubled memory capacity of 2.5k*13 Bits instruction memory and 16*16 Digits constants
QSCOM   SCOM Chip with fourfold memory capacity
BROM     Bare Read Only Memory Chip with 1k*13 Bits instruction memory
DRAM     External Random Access Memory Chip for user data (memory registers)
PRAM     External Random Access Memory Chip for user programs (keycodes) with 1,920 Bits of read/write memory
CROM     External Customer Only Memory Chip for user programs (keycodes)
PCHIP     Printer Chip

Texas Instruments used the leading designation TMS (Texas MOS Standard) or TMC (Texas MOS Custom) for most chips. The following table uses only the (more common) TMC designations.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC0501 1974 ARITH SR-50(A), SR-51(A), SR-51-II, SR-52, SR-56, SR-60, TI-5230 10+2 digits
TMC0501E 1979 Enhanced ARITH SR-60A, TI-58, TI-58C ,TI-59 10+2 digits
TMC0521 1974 SCOM 1 SR-50, SR-50A Basic system: TMC0501 + TMC0521
TMC0522 1974 SCOM 1 SR-51, SR-51A Adds statistical functions (ROM) and conversion constants
TMC0523 1974 SCOM 2 SR-51, SR-51A
TMC0524 1975 SCOM 1 SR-52  
TMC0526 1976 SCOM 1 SR-60  
TMC0531 1976 SCOM 1 SR-50A Additional internal clock generator, not used
TMC0532 1976 SCOM 1 SR-51A Additional internal clock generator, not used
TMC0533 1976 SCOM 2 SR-51A
TMC0534 1976 SCOM 1 SR-52A Additional internal clock generator
TMC0536 1976 SCOM 1 SR-60 Additional internal clock generator, not used
TMC0537 1976 SCOM 1 SR-56 Adds statistical functions (ROM) and programmability
TMC0538 1976 SCOM 2 SR-56
TMC0561 1975 BROM 3 PC-100, PC-100A Expansion for SR-52 and SR-51
TMC0562 1975 BROM 2 SR-52 2 chips piggy back in SR-52
TMC0563 1975 BROM 4 SR-52 2 chips piggy back in SR-52
TMC0564 1975 BROM 2 SR-60  
TMC0565 1975 BROM 3 SR-60  
TMC0566 1975 BROM 4 SR-60  
TMC0567 1975 BROM 5 SR-60  
TMC0568 1975 BROM 6 SR-60  
TMC0569 1975 BROM 3 PC-100A Expansion for SR-52
TMC0570 1975 BROM 6 SR-60 Replaces TMC0568 for upgraded SR-60
TMC0571 1977 BROM 6 TI-58, TI-59 see TMC0582
TMC0572 1978 BROM 6 TI-5230 see TMC0587
TMC0573 1979 BROM 6 TI-58C see TMC0580
TMC0580
/CD2400
1979 DSCOM 1 TI-58C Instead of TMC0582 on TI-58/59
TMC0580
/CD2401
1979 DSCOM 2 TI-58C Instead of TMC0583 on TI-58/59
TMC0581 1976 DSCOM SR-51-II combines TMC0522 + TMC0523
TMC0582 1977 DSCOM 1 TI-58, TI-59, SR-60(A) 2 DSCOM + BROM adds to 6k*13 Bits instruction memory for the TI-59
TMC0583 1977 DSCOM 2 TI-58, TI-59, SR-60(A)
TMC0584 1977 DSCOM 1 SR-60A, SR-60 Replacement PCB Enhanced instructions of SR-60(A)
TMC0585 1977 DSCOM 2 SR-60A, SR-60 Replacement PCB Enhanced instructions of SR-60(A)
TMC0586 1977 DSCOM 3 SR-60A, SR-60 Replacement PCB Enhanced instructions of SR-60(A)
TMC0587 1978 DSCOM 1 TI-5230 2 DSCOM + BROM adds to 6k*13 Bits instruction memory for the TI-5230
TMC0588 1978 DSCOM 2 TI-5230
TMC0591 1979 COUNTINOUS MEMORY I/O TI-58C Interface to CMOS SRAM (Static RAM)
TMC0594 1977 MAGNETIC I/O TI-59  
TMC0595 1975 MAGNETIC I/O SR-52 adds programmability to TMC0524
TMC0596 1976 MAGNETIC I/O SR-60, SR-60A  
TMC0598 1977 PRAM TI-58 (2), TI-59 (4), TI-5230 (7) 240*8 Bits RAM (240 program steps or 30 data registers) each
TMC0599 1975 PRAM SR-52 (2), SR-56 (1), SR-60A (13) 240*8 Bits RAM (240 program steps or 30 data registers) each

The TI-58/59 architecture introduced the Solid State Software Modules™ with up to 5000 program steps. On the backside of the TI-58/59 you'll note a small lid with a place for the 8-pin module, view it here.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC0540 1977 PROM -Customer- TI-58(C), TI-59 List of all known ROM-Codes here
TMC0541 1977 PROM -1- TI-58(C), TI-59 Master Library
TMC0542 1977 PROM -2- TI-58(C), TI-59 Applied Statistics
TMC0543 1977 PROM -3- TI-58(C), TI-59 Real Estate Investment
TMC0544 1977 PROM -4- TI-58(C), TI-59 Surveying
TMC0545 1977 PROM -5- TI-58(C), TI-59 Marine Navigation
TMC0546 1977 PROM -6- TI-58(C), TI-59 Aviation
TMC0547 1977 PROM -7- TI-58(C), TI-59 Leisure Library
TMC0548 1977 PROM -8- TI-58(C), TI-59 Securities Analysis
TMC0549 1977 PROM -9- TI-58(C), TI-59 Business Decisions
TMC0550 1977 PROM -10- TI-58(C), TI-59 Math Utilities
TMC0551 1977 PROM -11- TI-58(C), TI-59 Electrical Engineering
TMC0553 1977 PROM -SE- TI-58(C), TI-59 Structural Engineering
TMC0554 1977 PROM -12- TI-58(C), TI-59 Agriculture
TMC0555 1977 PROM -13- TI-58(C), TI-59 RPN Simulator

Enhanced First generation single-chip calculators 

Enabled by a combination of smaller transistors due to a process shrink in the manufacturing process of Integrated Circuits and a higher yield in production, Texas Instruments launched with the TMS0600, TMS0700 and TMS0800 single-chip calculator circuits about two years after the introduction of the original TMS0100 family a three-tier approach: The TMS0600 increasing Read-Only program Memory (ROM) for additional functionality while keeping the need for external segment- and digit-drivers, the TMS0700 keeping the specifications of the TMS0100 for a cost-reduction of the chips and the TMS0800 reducing the calculating capabilities but integrating both a clock driver and segment drivers to simplify the electronics of the calculators and consequently reducing their manufacturing costs.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS0601 1974 Single-chip, Basic TI-2550 +,-,= keys, Memory, 8 digits
TMS0602 1973 Single-chip, Sci SR-11 +,-,= keys, x2, 1/x, sqr(x), pi
TMS0604 1974 Single-chip, Basic Dittel TMP 608 [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, %
TMC0605 1974 Single-chip, Basic Canon LE-81M +,-,= keys, ±%, sqr(x), 8 digits

The TMS0100 family of single-chip calculator circuits went through multiple design changes and was around July 1973 internally renamed to TMS0700 but still marked on the outside of the package with TMS01XX. Only the chips (and usually the bottom of the chip package) carry the TMS07XX designation and we have difficulties to define the exact cut-off date of the "original" TMS0100 chips. We are not sure which TMS0100 chips were ported to a smaller manufacturing process and include most TMS0100 members in the TMS0700 overview.

Some calculators, e.g. the Exactra 20, used only digit drivers, the segment outputs of the chip were connected directly to the display.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS0101 1972 Single-chip, Basic Canon Palmtronic LE-80, LE-83 +,-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0102 1972 Single-chip, Basic Columbia II [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits
TMS0103 1972 Single-chip, Basic Bowmar 901B [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits
TMS0105 1972 Single-chip, Basic Canon L800 [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits
TMS0106 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-3500, Canon L100S, Radio Shack EC-2000 [+=],[-=] keys,  10 digits, Panaplex
TMS0107 1972 Single-chip, Basic Bowmar 901D [+=],[-=] keys,  10 digits
TMS0109 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-3000 [+=],[-=] keys,  8 digits, Panaplex
TMS0112 1972 Single-chip, Basic Toshiba BC-0802 [+=],-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0115 1972 Single-chip, Basic Panasonic JE-850 +,-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0117 1972 BCD Coprocessor   +,-,*,:,=, INC, DEC,  10 digits
TMS0118 1972 Single-chip, Basic   +,-,= keys,  10 digits
TMS0119 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-2500, Heathkit IC-2108 +,-,= keys,  8 digits
TMS0120 1972 Single chip, Sci SR-10 +,-,= keys, x2, 1/x, sqr(x), 8+2 digits
TMS0121 1973 Single-chip, Basic Olympia CD101 +,-,= keys, 10 digits
TMS0122 1973 Single-chip, Basic Olympia CD80, Panasonic JE-850 +,-,= keys, 8 digits
TMS0123 1973 Single-chip, Basic   [+=],[-=] keys, x2, sqr(x), 10 digits
TMS0125 1973 Single-chip, Basic Canon LE-100 +,-,= keys,  10 digits
TMS0126 1973 Single-chip, Basic Canon LE-80R, Casio ROOT-8S, Commodore 3101, Kings Point EC-8413, Privileg 820  [+=],[-=] keys, x2, sqr(x),  8 digits
TMS0127 1973 Single-chip, Basic Bowmar MX-80, Canon L1000 [+=],[-=] keys, %, 10 digits
TMS0128 1973 Single-chip, Basic Canon LE-82, JCE Percent, Montgomery Ward P8P, Western Auto M4995 [+=],[-=] keys, %, 8 digits
TMS0130 1973 Single-chip, Basic Olympia CD85, Panasonic JE-860 +,-,= keys, sqr(x), PI
TMS0131 1973 Single-chip, Basic Olympia CD81, Panasonic JE-855 +,-,= keys, Memory, 8 digits
TMS0132 1974 Single-chip, Basic APF Mark VII, Craig 4510, Hunor 88 [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, 8 digits
TMS0135 1974 Single-chip, Basic Exactra 20, TI-2000 +,-,= keys, 6 digits
TMS0137 1974 Single-chip, Basic Sears 8 +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits
TMS0138 1974 Single-chip, Basic Canon Pocketronic II +,-,= keys, %, 10 digits, uses Printer chip TMS0641
TMS0719 1972 Single-chip, Basic TI-2500 +,-,= keys,  8 digits

The TMS0800 family adds segment-drivers for LED-Displays with up to 9 digits to the TMS0100 series.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS0801 1973 Single-chip, Basic Bowmar MX-20, Canon LE-84, Sinclair Cambridge +,-,= keys, Constant, 8 digits
TMS0803 1974 Single-chip, Basic TI-1500, Tabulex alpha +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits
TMC0805 1974 Single-chip, Sci Sinclair Scientific UPN, log, sin..., 8 digits
TMC0806 1974 Single-chip, Basic Exactra 19 +,-,= keys, 6 (8) digits
TMS0807 1974 Single-chip, Basic Canon LE-85 [+=],[-=] keys, sqr(x), 8 digits
TMS0833 1974 Single-chip, Basic MBO Expert +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits

The TMS0850 family adds segment- and digit-drivers for low-voltage VF-Displays with up to 9 digits to the TMS0800 series.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS0851 1974 Single-chip, Basic Privileg 804D +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits
TMS0852 1974 Single-chip, Basic TI-150 +,-,= keys, %, 8 digits
TMS0855 1975 Single-chip, Basic Canon LD-80, Silver-Reed 8, Homeland 8011 +,-,= keys, %, sqr(x)

Third generation single chip calculators 

With the TMS1001 Texas Instruments introduced the first member of the famous TMS1000 Microcomputer Family. The chip contains a microcomputer complete with a Read-Only program Memory (ROM) having 1,024 8-bit Words; a temporary storage Random-Access Memory (RAM); input (from keypad); output (to control keypad scan and LED display); and an oscillator (clock). The TMS1000 chip was designed to span a range of hand-held calculator products (from four-function up through simple memory calculators). Since the chip had to be customized with the ROM program appropriate to a product, other programmable features were included to improve the chip's flexibility. Today we know 13 different chips used in TI calculators. These chips vary in implementation technology, number of I/O lines, display drive, amount of ROM (up to 26.6k Bits) and amount of RAM (up to 1,280 Bits). Calculator applications range from simple four-function calculators to the 50-step programmable TI-57. As of mid 1979, over 35 million TMS1000 chips were deployed in both calculator and non-calculator applications, establishing the TMS1000 as the computer architecture with the largest installed base. The internal clock rate varies from 200 to 450 kHz, depending on technology. Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS1001 1974 Single chip, Sci SR-16 Full scientific (w/o trig), 8+2 digits
TMC1014 1975 Dual chip, Printing TI-5050 Used with TMS1214
TMS1016 1975 Single chip, Sci SR-16-II Full scientific (w/o trig), 8+2 digits
TMS1042 1975 Single chip, Basic Olympia CD45A, Canon LD-8Ms  
TMS1043 1975 Single chip, Basic TI-2550 III +,-,= keys, Memory, RV, %, x2, 1/x, √x
TMS1044 1975 Single chip, Basic Bohsei 1000, Unisonic 1040-1 +,-,= keys, %, √x, EX
TMS1045 1975 Single chip, Basic  Toshiba BC-8111B, BC-8112SL, Canon L813, F-31 +,-,= keys, %, x2, 1/x, √x
ZA0535 1975 Single chip, Sci Canon F-2 Full scientific, 8+2 digits
TMS1071 1975 Single chip, Basic TI-2550 II, Homeland 8105 +,-,= keys, Memory, EX/RV, %, x2, 1/x, √x
TMC1073 1976 Single chip, Basic, Desktop TI-5100, Toshiba BC-1015  
TMC1079 1979 Single chip, Basic Canon MD-8 Two-line display, 8+8 digits
TMC1081 1979 Single chip, Basic, Desktop Panasonic JE-1604U, JE-170U 10 digits, GPM
TMS1111 (1976) Single chip, Scientific SR-40 Prototype  
TMS1115 1976 Single chip, Printing TI-5050M  
TMS1116 1976 Computer Radio Scanner Regency ACT-T16K  
TMS1214 1975 Dual chip, Printing TI-5050 Used with TMC1014
TMS1273 1976 Single chip, Basic Olympia CD102, CD 202, Toshiba BC-1260A, BC-1270, Elite 1202M (2nd Version) [+=],[-=] keys, Memory, K, √x, 12 digits
TMS1276 1976  Single chip, Desktop TI-5040 (1st Version)   
TMC1277 1976  Single chip, Basic Canon LD-10M3   
TMC1278 1976  Single chip, Desktop TI-5200   
TMC1309 1977  Single chip, Printing TI-5220 Drives thermal printhead
TMC1312 1977  Single chip, Printing TI-5225 Drives thermal printhead
TMC1372 1977  Single chip, Printing TI-5220, TI-5225 (ZA0396) Drives VF-Display
TMC1376 1977  Single chip, Printing TI-5230 Drives VF-Display
ZA0543 (TMS1370) 1976 Single chip, Desktop Canon L1632 16 digits
ZA0552 1976 Single chip, Basic Canon L1010, LD-10M 10 digits
ZA0571 1976 Single chip, Basic Adman L-0830T %, K, 8 digits

With the TI-1200 and TI-1250 calculators Texas Instruments introduced in March 1975 the first calculators using a real single chip design. The 8 digit LED-display and 8*4 matrix keyboard are connected directly to the integrated circuit and the whole system is powered by a single 9V battery. While the original design of the TMS0950 series is very similar to the TMS1000 with added display drivers for 7-segment LEDs, reduced the TMS0970 design the chip size dramatically while maintaining its specifications. Texas Instruments changed its nomenclature in 1977 from TMS0970 to TMC0970/TMC0900. The chip design of the TMC0970 is very similar to the more capable TMC0980.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMS0952 1975 Single chip, Basic TI-1200, TI-1250 +,-,= keys, Memory, sign + 8 digits
TMS0954 1976 Single chip, Basic TI-1260 +,-,= keys, Memory, conversions
TMS0956 1976 Single chip, Basic Sharp EL-204 +,-,= keys, Memory, sqr(x)
TMS0972/ZA0348 1976 Single chip, Basic TI-1250, National Semiconductor 835A (!) 8 digits, minor changes to TMS0952
TMS0974/ZA0355 1976 Single chip, Basic TI-1270 +,-,= keys, x2,1/x,sqr(x),PI, 8 digits
TMS0975/ZA0356 1976 Single chip, Educational Little Professor  
TMC0904 1977 Toy Milton Bradley COMP IV  
TMC0905 1977 Toy Parker Brothers Code Name:Sector  
TMC0907/ZA0379 1977 Educational Wiz-A-Tron  

In the year 1976, with the SR-40 and TI-30 the first scientific calculators using a real single chip design were introduced. These calculators used a 8 digit LED-display, too. In 1977 the display size was expanded to 8+2 digits with the introduction of the TMC1500 design. The TMC1980 family replaced the drivers for LED from the TMC0980 with drivers for VFD. Find more details in the description of the TMS1000 Microcomputer family. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC0980/CD9801 1978 Custom design Goulds Pumpulator ROM code CD9801
TMC0980/MP6100 1979 Toy Ideal Electronic Detective ROM code MP6100
TMC0980/MP6101B 1979 Toy Parker Brothers Stop Thief ROM code MP6101B
TMC0981 1976 Single chip, Sci TI-30, SR-40 Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits
TMC0982 1976 Single chip, Fin Business Analyst Full financial, 8 (5+2) digits
TMC0983/ZA0675  1978 Single chip, HEX TI Programmer HEX calculator, ROM code ZA0675
TMC0984 1976 Single chip, Sci TI-33 Full scientific, no AOS, 3 Mem., 8 (5+2) digits
TMC0985 1977 Single chip, Sci OEM Full scientific, no AOS, 8 (5+2) digits
TMC1981 1977 Single chip, Basic TI-1680 uses TMC0999
TMC1982 1977 Educational TI Dataman  
TMC1983 1978 Single chip, Sci TI-45 Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits
TMC1984 1978 Educational Spelling B (original) uses TMC0272
TMC1986 1980 Educational Math Marvel  

Shortly before the introduction of the CMOS technology in the year 1978 a final chip-size optimized architecture for four-function calculators was introduced with the TMC1990. Find more details in the description of the TMS1000 Microcomputer family

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1991 1977 Single chip, Basic TI-1000 Die-up
TMC1992 1977 Single chip, Basic TI-1000 Version 2 Die-down
TMC1993 1978 Educational Little Professor Die-up and Die-down

Simplified single chip calculators 

During the peak of the calculator war (around 1976 to 1978) a lot of customized chip architectures appeared even from Texas Instruments. Instead using the TMS1000 device with the large ROM and RAM count, some "area optimized" architectures appeared. Don’t forget that in the early days of IC-Technology the yield of designs with some thousands of transistors was poor! The TMC0920 introduced in June 1977 uses a serial architecture with five 40-bit registers instead the 16*4-bit data registers of the TMS1000 family, just  511*9 Bits ROM and a one-bit serial adder. Only few calculators make use of the TMC0920 devices.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC0921 1977 Single chip, Basic TI-1050 +,-,= keys, Memory, srq(x), %
TMC0923 1977 Single chip, Basic TI-1025 +,-,= keys, Memory, %

In 1977 the display size of the single chip scientific calculators was expanded to 8+2 digits. Together with a larger memory these chips have transistor counts of roughly 30,000 elements. Like the TMC0920 series utilizes the TMC1500 a serial architecture but changed its specifications significantly featuring twenty 64-bit registers, 2,048*13 Bits ROM, one-bit serial adder and drivers for a 12-digit LED display. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.
Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC1501 1977 Single chip, Sci TI-57 Programmable Full scientific, programmable,8+2 digits
TMC1502 1977 Single chip, Fin The MBA Full financial, large Memory,8+2 digits
TMC1503 1977 Single chip, Sci TI-55 Full scientific, large Memory,8+2 digits

Texas Instruments introduced with the redesigned TI-5040 in 1978 a desktop calculator with integrated thermal printer and VF-Display based on the TMC0260.

TMC0261 1978 Display, Printer TI-5040 (2nd Version) Single-chip printing calculator
TMC0262 1978 Display, Printer TI-5025 Single-chip printing calculator
TMC0263 1980 Display, Printer TI-5135 Single-chip printing calculator

In the year 1978 Texas Instruments invented the synthesizer technology to reproduce human speech with tuned voices stored in ROM's (integrated circuits) and created the Speak & Spell. Find more information about the synthesizer chips and their Speech-ROMs here. The first products used specialized calculator chips of the TMS1000 family to manage keyboard and display of the product. From a technical point of view these devices are very similar to the TMS0980 family but optimized for 14-segment VF-Displays instead of 7-segment LED-displays.

The derivatives were either numbered like TMC0271, TMC0272... or got a CD (Custom Design) number, e.g. CD2702.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TMC0271 1978 Educational Speak & Spell (1978)  
TMC0272 1978 Educational Spelling B (UK) Uses TMC1984
TMC0273 1980 Educational Mr. Challenger  
TMC0274 1978 Educational Spelling B  
TMC0275 1979 Business Language Translator  
TMC0270/CD2701 1980 Educational Speak & Spell (Spanish Voice)  
TMC0270/CD2702 1980 Educational La dictee magique  
TMC0270/CD2704 1980 Educational Speak & Math (1980)  
TMC0270/CD2705 1980 Educational Speak & Read  
TMC0270/CD2708 1981 Educational Speak & Math (1981)  

First generation CMOS single chip calculators 

In 1978 Texas Instruments introduced the first CMOS calculator chips based on the TMS1000 Microcomputer family. The TP0320 architecture is similar to the TMC0980 chips introduced two years earlier for the TI-30 calculator. The main difference – beside the manufacturing process – is the permanent connection of the internal memory (12*64 Bits RAM + 64 Bits Display RAM) to the supply voltage. This feature allowed the „Constant Memory“ found on the calculators based on the TP0320 family like the TI-50 or TI-53. Even after you turn off the calculator its user memory is stored inside the chip. The supply current is low enough to buffer the memory more than a year from two small button cells. The program memory with 2k*9 Bits ROM allowed the conversion of most calculating features known from Majestic calculators (Scientific, Statistical and Financial calculator or even Flight computers). Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

Remember that the first LCD-calculators sold by Texas Instruments used foreign calculator chips manufactured by Toshiba. Find more information about them here.

Together with the CMOS process the employees of Texas Instruments changed the nomenclature of the chips. Instead of the leading characters TMS (Texas MOS Standard) or TMC (Texas MOS Custom) the abbreviation TP appeared for the new device families. These Microcomputers got both ROM programmability and Gate programmability (e.g. segment decoder). The derivatives were either numbered like TP0320, TP0321... or got a CD (Custom Design) number, e.g. CD3202.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TP0320/CD3201 1978 Single chip, Fin TI Investment Analyst  Full financial, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0320/CD3202 1980 Single chip, Sci TI-30-II, TI-30 LCD Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0321 1978 Single chip, Sci TI-50 Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0322 1978 Single chip, Fin TI Business Analyst II Full financial, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0323 1978 Single chip, Sci TI-53 Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0324 1978 Single chip, Sci TI-35 Full scientific, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0325 1979 Single chip, Fin Business Card Reduced keyboard, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0326 1979 Single chip, Sci TI-38, TI-20 TI-35 w/o statistics
TP0327 1979 Single chip, Sci Sharp EL-503 Reduced keyboard, 8 (5+2) digits
TP0328 1980 Flight Computer Jeppesen avstar Conversions and calculations

Simplified CMOS single chip calculators 

During the calculator war (about 1976 to 1978) a lot of customized chip architectures appeared even from Texas Instruments. Instead using the TMS1000 device with the large ROM and RAM count, some "area optimized" architectures appeared. Don’t forget that in the early days of IC-Technology the yield of designs with some thousands of transistors was poor! The TP0310 introduced in the year 1978 based on the serial architecture of the TMS0920 optimized for the TMS1050 calculator. This was the most compact design with only 511*9 Bits ROM and 40*5 Bits RAM using a one-bit serial adder. Only few calculators make use of the TP0310 devices. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TP0311 1978 Single chip, Basic TI-1030 +,-,= keys, Memory, srq(x), %
TP0314 1978 Single chip, Basic TI-1070 +,-,= keys, Memory, x2, 1/x, sqr(x), PI

Enhanced CMOS calculator chips 

The TP0320 architecture with only 28-pin housings, 2k*9 Bits ROM and (12+1)*64 Bits RAM limited calculator designs to simple Scientific (TI-50), Statistical (TI-35) and Financial (Business Analyst II) calculators driving displays with only 8 digits (or 5 digits + 2 exponents) resolution. The "programmable" TI-53 stored as much as 32 key entries in the memory, that’s it!

Texas Instruments introduced with the TP0455 architecture a new design to overcome these limitations. It is related to the TMS1000 architecture but added time-keeping capabilities, a more flexible display driver and a different RAM architecture with 128*4 Bits capacity. The TP0455 is still gate-programmable. The first use of the TP0455 was the CD4501 design found in the Time Card introduced end of the year 1981. The TI-55 II demonstrated the flexibility of the TP0455 architecture, two chips formed a powerful Primary-Secondary architecture. The Primary device uses a 40-pin housing and scans the keyboard, drives a huge display with 8+2 digits and performs the math capabilities. The Secondary device in the well known 28-pin housing doubles the memory capacity of the calculator. This allows e.g. 56 program steps compared to the 32 steps of the TI-53.

The TP0455 design was soon replaced with the TP0456 and most designs were converted. The CD numbers were incremented 50 units to distinguish the difference between TP0455 (e.g. CD4515) and TP0456 e.g. CD4565). The TP0456 seems to be upward compatible to the TP0320, we know with the TI-30 LCD and TI-30-II calculators using either the CD3202 or CD4565 design. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TP0455/CD4501C 1981 Single chip, Basic TI-1745 (DataCard Time) not released
TP0455/CD4505A 1981 Dual chip, Sci TI-55 II Secondary Full scientific, 56 steps
TP0455/CD4506A 1981 Dual chip, Sci TI-55 II Primary Full scientific, 56 steps
TP0455/CD4507B 1981 Single chip, Sci TI-35, TI-40 Replaces TP0324
TP0455/CD4508C 1982 Single chip, Clock TI-2000 (Time Manager) Full Alarm Clock
TP0455/CD4509B 1982 Single chip TI-1890 (Converter) US/ISO converter
TP0455/CD4511A 1982 Single chip CA-800 Cassette Interface for TI-88
TP0455/CD4512 1982 Dual chip AC-II Primary not yet discovered
TP0455/CD4513 1982 Dual chip AC-II Secondary not yet discovered
TP0455/CD4514B 1982 Single chip TI-2001 GTI Car computer 
TP0455/CD4515 1982 Single chip, Sci TI-30 LCD Replaces TP0320-CD3202
TP0455/CD4518 1982 Single chip CMF not yet discovered
TP0455/CD4519 1982 Single chip LCD Programmer base-8 and base-16 calculator
TP0456/CD4551 1981 Dual chip, Sci TI-54 Primary Scientific with complex numbers
TP0456/CD4553 1983 Dual chip, Fin BA-54, BA-55 Full financial, 40 steps
TP0456/CD4554 1983 Dual chip, Fin BA-54, BA-55 Full financial, 40 steps
TP0456/CD4555 1981 Dual chip, Sci TI-54, TI-55II, TI-57 LCD Secondary Full scientific
TP0456/CD4556 1981 Dual chip, Sci TI-55 II Primary Full scientific, 56 steps
TP0456/CD4557 1982 Single chip, Sci TI-35 Replaces TP0324
TP0456/CD4557A 1986 Single chip, Sci TI-30 Stat Replaces TP0324
TP0456/CD4558A 1982 Single chip, Clock TI-2000 (Time Manager) Full Alarm Clock
TP0456/CD4559A 1982 Single chip TI-1890 (Converter) US/ISO converter
TP0456/CD4560 1982 Single chip TI-?? not yet discovered
TP0456/CD4561D 1982 Single chip CA-800 Cassette Interface for TI-88
TP0456/CD4562 1982 Dual chip AC-II Primary not yet discovered
TP0456/CD4563 1982 Dual chip AC-II Secondary not yet discovered
TP0456/CD4564 1982 Single chip TI-2001 GTI Car computer 
TP0456/CD4565 1982 Single chip, Sci TI-30 LCD, TI-30 III Replaces TP0320-CD3202
TP0456/CD4566 1982 Single chip MicroManager Power/time calculations for microwave cooking
TP0456/CD4568 1982 Single chip CMF not yet discovered
TP0456/CD4569 1982 Single chip LCD Programmer base-8 and base-16 calculator
TP0456/CD4570 1982 Single chip LCD Little Professor Educational toy
TP0456/CD4571 1982 Single chip, Fin BA-35 Full financial
TP0456/CD4572 1982 Dual chip, Sci TI-57 LCD Primary Full scientific, 48 steps
TP0456/CD4573 1983 Dual chip PC-200 Printer for TI-66 and BA-55
TP0456/CD4574 1983 Dual chip PC-200 Printer for TI-66 and BA-55
TP0456/CD4575 1983 Dual chip, Flight Computer Jeppesen Sanderson prostar Secondary Conversions and calculations
TP0456/CD4576 1983 Dual chip, Flight Computer Jeppesen Sanderson prostar Primary Conversions and calculations

We assume that the CD46xx nomenclature was used for original TP0456 designs, they were discovered mainly in educational toys. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TP0456/CD4614 1986 Dual chip, Sci TI-60 Secondary Full scientific, 84 steps
TP0456/CD4616 1986 Single chip MathStar Educational toy
TP0456/CD4617 1987 Dual chip TI Spelling B Educational toy
TP0456/CD4618 1987 Dual chip TI Spelling B Educational toy
TP0456/CD4631 1989 Single chip Math...ToGo!, Professor 1.2.3 Educational toy
TP0456/CD4632 1989 Single chip Time...ToGo!, Professor Time Educational toy
TP0456/CD4633 1989 Single chip Words...ToGo! Educational toy
TP0456/CD4634 1989 Single chip Professor ABC Educational toy

The next step in the enhanced CMOS architectures could be found in the TP0458 architecture. These chips with the CD48xx nameplate use always a 40-pin housing and hold 50% more ROM and RAM cells compared to the TP0456 for an impressive 3k*9 Bits ROM and 192*4 Bits RAM capacity. In conjunction with the Primary-Secondary architecture some powerful calculators like the TI-62 Galaxy or TI-65 appeared with as much as 112 programming steps or 16 data memories and even timer functions. Single-chip designs were discovered in "display intensive“ products like the TI-30 Galaxy or the rare BA-III. Die photo courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

With the introduction of the TP0458 we could almost (save LCD III Family) close the history of calculator chips manufactured by Texas Instruments. The years between 1967 and 1982 brought us a lot of exciting calculator architectures driven by

Technology (early steps with multi-chip designs)
Flexibility (TMS1000 architecture)
Cost Price (serial architectures)
Development Costs (TP0456 architecture)

Later calculator developments based mostly on Toshiba calculator chips, Texas Instruments dropped their own business with the TMS1000 and concentrated on DSP (Digital Signal Processing) chips. Once again TI is a leading supplier in commercial products, most mobile phones use their DSP-architecture nowadays.
Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TP0458/CD4805 1987 Dual chip, Sci TI-65 Secondary Full scientific, 100 steps, Timer
TP0458/CD4806 1987 Dual chip, Sci TI-65 Primary Full scientific, 100 steps, Timer
TP0458/CD4808 1986 Single chip, Sci TI-30 Galaxy Full scientific
TP0458/CD4810 1986 Dual chip, Sci TI-62 Galaxy Primary Full scientific, 100 steps
TP0458/CD4811 1986 Dual chip, Sci TI-62 Galaxy Secondary Full scientific, 100 steps
TP0458/CD4812 1987 Single chip, Fin BA-III Full financial
TP0458/CD4815 1986 Dual chip, Sci TI-60 Primary Full scientific, 84 steps
TP0458/CD4816 1988 Single chip, Sci Galaxy Junior Educational calculator

LCD III Family CMOS single chip calculators 

If you dig deep into the calculator related patents filed by Texas Instruments and know about the mystery TI-88 calculator, you’ll discover additional devices:

TP0470/TP0475 4-bit microcontroller with CD2901, CD2902 and CD2903
TP0480 4-bit microcontroller with LCD Driver
TP0485 4-bit microcontroller with CD2901 and CD2902
TP0530 Serial cascadable driver for alphanumeric LC-Display
TP0531 and TP0532 4-bit Memories with CD5402 and CD5403

Unfortunately we don’t know much about the LCD III calculator chip family. The patent application is centered around a „Data processing system integrated circuit having modular memory add-on capacity“ and describes a TMS1000 chip with different slice-lines to produce area-optimized chips with adoptable memory size. According to the patent the ROM-size varies between 1k Words and 4k Words, the RAM-size seems to be between 56 and 224 Bytes. Based on information from the estate of CB Wilson located by Jon Guidry and made available on his website www.hexbus.com we understand the naming convention of the TP0470 - TP0485 devices:

TP0470 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4 Bits RAM, no Timekeeping, no LCD Driver
TP0475 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4 Bits RAM, Timekeeping, no LCD Driver
TP0480 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4 Bits RAM, no Timekeeping, LCD Driver
TP0485 3k Bytes ROM, 128 Bytes Fast ROM, 22*16*4 Bits RAM, Timekeeping, LCD Driver

The inside view of a TI-88 gives you some chip numbers but without destroying the calculator we aren’t able to reverse engineer them.

UPDATE January 2021: We sacrificed a working TI Programmable 88 and decapped its chips to reveal amazing technology! Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle. RAM-size determination courtesy of Ken Shirriff.

It’s a pity that the TI-88 never got the final approval for mass production...

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
TP0475 1979 Multi chip, Sci "Product X" Timekeeping, Key Scan and I/O Controller
TP0470 1979 Multi chip, Sci "Product X" Primary Controller
TP0470 1979 Multi chip, Sci "Product X" Arithmetic Controller
TP0480 1979 Multi chip, Sci "None" TP0470 with LCD driver
TP0475/CD2901 1980 Multi chip, Sci "TI-85" Timekeeping, Key Scan and I/O Controller
TP0475/CD2902 1980 Multi chip, Sci "TI-85" Primary Controller
TP0485/CD2901 1982 Multi chip, Sci TI-88 Timekeeping, Key Scan and I/O Controller
Revisions -, C, H, K observed
TP0485/CD2902 1982 Multi chip, Sci TI-88 Primary Controller
Revisions -, C, H, K observed
TP0530 1980 Multi chip, Sci "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 Display Driver for 8 characters alphanumeric LCD
TP0531 1980 Multi chip, Sci "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 Read/Write Memory 4,800 bits (600 program steps or 75 data memories)
Revisions -, A, B, C observed
TP0532/CD5402 1980 Multi chip, Sci "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 Read Only Memory 120,000 bits (15,000 program memories)
Revisions -, B, C, E observed
TP0532/CD5403 1980 Multi chip, Sci "Product X", "TI-85", TI-88 CROM Module Read Only Memory 120,000 bits (15,000 program steps)
No revisions observed

Display Driver Chips

Before the real single-chip calculators were introduced in the mid of the Seventies, the LED displays were connected to digit drivers and on the first designs to additional segment drivers. 

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
SN75491 1971 4 segment driver TI-2500 Introduced with the TMS0102
SN75492 1971 6 digit driver TI-2500 Introduced with the TMS0102, aka SN96912, SN99253
SN75493 1972 4 segment driver SR-10 aka SN27422, SN27915
SN75494 1972 6 digit driver SR-10 aka SN27423, SN27914
SN75497 1974 7 digit driver SR-50 aka SN27882, SN97311
SN75498 1974 9 digit driver TI-2550-II  

 

Clock Generation Chips and Clock Buffer Chips

Some earlier calculators are using Integrated Circuits instead of discrete electronics to generate the single-phase or dual-phase clock signals of the calculator chips. Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
SN97211 1975 192 kHz, opposite phases, TMC0500 SR-52 Ceramic resonator, 384 kHz
SN97227 1976 125 kHz, opposite phases, TMC0500 SR-50A, SR-51A RC-oscillator, 250 kHz
TP0190N 1975 CMOS Clock Buffer SR-52 Unbuffered CD4011A @ 15.8V
TP0240, TP0300, TP0301(A), TP0335 1975 192 kHz, opposite phases, TI-58
227.5 kHz, opposite phases, TI-59
TI-58, TI-59 Ceramic resonator, 384 kHz or 455 kHz

 

DC/DC Converter Chips

Some earlier calculators are using DC/DC converters to generate the supply voltages of the calculator chips. Die photos courtesy of Sean Riddle

Type Year Function Calculator Comments
SN77203 1980 1-cell, +3 V, -4 V, LBI, SI/O TI-88 Used with TI-88, CA-800, PC-800

 

horizontal rule

If you have additions to the above article please email: joerg@datamath.org.

© Juergen Dobrinski, Sean Riddle, Mikhail Svarichevsky, and Joerg Woerner, 2001 - 2022. No reprints without written permission.